Hamas Documents Reveal Tunnel Battle Strategy

3 months ago 28
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Hamas leaders spent years developing an underground warfare plan. Records from the battlefield show the group’s preparations, including blast doors to protect against Israeli bombs and soldiers.

A soldier carries a rifle down a darkened tunnel, lit from behind by a lantern in the distance
An Israeli soldier walking out of a tunnel in the Gaza Strip during an escorted tour by the military for international journalists in December.Credit...Tamir Kalifa for The New York Times

Hamas’s handbook for underground combat describes, in meticulous detail, how to navigate in darkness, move stealthily beneath Gaza and fire automatic weapons in confined spaces for maximum lethality.

Battlefield commanders were even instructed to time, down to the second, how long it took their fighters to move between various points underground.

The 2019 manual, which was seized by Israeli forces and reviewed by The New York Times, was part of a yearslong effort by Hamas, well before its Oct. 7 attack and current war with Israel, to build an underground military operation that could withstand prolonged attacks and slow down Israeli ground forces inside the darkened tunnels.

Just a year before attacking Israel, Yahya Sinwar, the leader of Hamas in the Gaza Strip, approved spending $225,000 to install blast doors to protect the militia’s tunnel network from airstrikes and ground assaults.

The approval document said that Hamas brigade commanders had reviewed the tunnels below Gaza and identified critical places underground and at the surface that needed fortification.

The records, along with interviews with experts and Israeli commanders, help explain why, nearly a year into the war, Israel has struggled to achieve its objective of dismantling Hamas.


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