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Despite recognizing the advantages of scope that large validators provide, Vitalik Buterin’s proposal attempts to strike a balance between this and the requirement for a decentralized and resilient network.
Ethereum (ETH) co-founder Vitalik Buterin has floated an innovative proposal with the intention of enhancing the decentralization and fairness of Ethereum’s staking mechanism.
The primary goal of the “anti-correlation incentive” program is to mitigate the negative impacts that errors made by validators may have on the efficacy and security of the network.
Fostering Satoshi’s Vision of True Decentralization
The proposal put forth by Buterin on March 27, targets one of its biggest issues the prospect for centralization among validators. Correlated failures within the network may result from the control of multiple validators by enormous entities from a single location, thereby undermining the decentralized nature of the system.
In order to tackle this concern, the anti-correlation incentive program penalizes validators for frequent errors, thereby incentivizing them to expand the scope of their activities.
Although Ethereum does have penalty mechanisms to address severe violations like slashing, these are generally reserved for extremely malicious or egregious conduct.
The proposed initiative would incorporate penalties into routine network operations, emphasizing the promotion of authentic diversification among validators. The objective of this strategy is to guarantee that endeavors to advance decentralization yield substantial transformations as opposed to mere superficial adherence.
Despite recognizing the advantages of scope that large validators provide, Vitalik Buterin’s proposal attempts to strike a balance between this and the requirement for a decentralized and resilient network. The objective of the program is to mitigate the occurrence of concurrent failures and enable larger validators to benefit from economies of scale by focusing on them.
Ethereum Centralization Concerns
During the ETHTaipei 2024 conference, Buterin reflected on the idea of “rainbow staking,” an approach that encourages service provider diversity as a means to tackle the centralization issues that Ethereum faces.
He highlighted the primary concern regarding the hegemony of platforms such as Lido Finance, which possessed a substantial share of Ethereum-staked assets. It boasts two-thirds of liquid-staked Ethereum and 7% of all Ethereum in circulation.
The current market distribution of Validators:
The issue isn't just where stake is deposited; it's about who controls it.
Ethereum faces a pressing challenge: a limited set of node operators controlled by centralized entities.
⚠️ Implications for Ethereum:
– Systemic risks… pic.twitter.com/sznSz5c5Xo
— Mohak Agarwal (@mohakagr) September 21, 2023
Other facets of the proof-of-stake Ethereum blockchain are also exhibiting indications of centralization. Lead developer at Blockchair, Nikita Zhavoronkov, voiced worry with regard to Ethereum roll-ups, which are often referred to as layer 2 solutions. He criticized them, arguing that the alleged “layer 2 revolution” is merely an attempt by private entities to seize control of cryptocurrencies.
Arbitrum, Optimism, and Base, the three largest Ethereum layer 2 solutions, hold every ETH in multisig wallets that are managed by trusted corporate signers. Although these projects have made commitments to ultimately transfer authority over these wallets to their respective communities, this has not yet occurred.
Concerning the degree of decentralization in layer 2 solutions, Crypto Coffee opined:
“Centralized L2s are a psyop for mainstream sellout to bug-eater overlords.”
Attorney Preston Byrne concurred with these views, emphasizing the susceptibility of the majority of Ethereum protocols to legal proceedings and subpoenas by virtue of their centralized management.
